RUMUS 16 TENSES
Kata Kerja
Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.
Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya: V1, V2, V3, Ving.
Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read, participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering saya singkat V2. Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran Tenses Bahasa Inggris.
Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja
Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah memamg inilah yang membuat bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia, haha.
Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):
Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived – lived, play, played, played.
Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja beraturan ini pun panjang sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris walaupun yang kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau menulsinya disini satu per satu?.
Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):
Nah ini tambah kacau lagi, tidak ada aturannya. Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu contoh lain lagi: break-broke-broken. Sekali lagi saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris ya. Di Blog Tenses Bahasa Inggris ini saya akan lebih fokus pada TENSES itu sendiri, agar Anda punya pengertian yang lengkap tentangnya.
Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan lupa apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap pelajaran tenses bahasa inggris di blog ini.
Pengungkapan suatu kejadian/aktivitas atau fakta baik melalui tulisan (writing) maupun percakapan (speaking) pada umumnya mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + Verb/Predicate + Object + Modifier
Dalam bahasa Inggris, pengungkapan kejadian/aktivitas atau fakta tersebut selalu berpatokan pada tensis. Dengan tensis, pembaca atau pendengar akan mengetahui kapan kejadian/aktivitas atau fakta tersebut terjadi; Apakah sedang berlangsung pada saat sekarang (present continuous tense), apakah terjadi di masa lampau (past tense), apakah sedang berlangsung di masa lampau (past continuous tense), apakah akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang (future tense), dan seterusnya.
Ada 16 tensis dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitu:
1. Simple present tense
2. Present continuous tense
3. Simple past tense
4. Past continuous tense
5. Present perfect tense
6. Present perfect continuous tense
7. Past perfect tense
8. Past perfect continuous tense
9. Simple future tense
10. Future continuous tense
11. Future perfect tense
12. Future perfect continuous tense
13. Past future tense
14. Past future continuous tense
15. Past future perfect tense
16. Past future perfect continuous tense
Ya betul, pola-pola dan contoh-contoh di atas baru kalimat verbal (memakai kata kerja). Berikut adalah pola dan contoh dari kalimat non-verbal.
No Pola Tensis/aspect
1 S + is/am/are + adjective/noun Simple present
2 S + is/am/are + being + adjective/noun Present continuous
3 S + was/were + adjective/noun Simple past
4 S + was/were + being + adjective/noun Past continuous
5 S + has/have + been + adjective/noun Present perfect
6 S + has/have + been + being + adjective/noun Present perfect continuous
7 S + had + been + adjective/noun Past perfect
8 S + had + been + being + adjective/noun Past perfect continuous
9 S + will + be + adjective/noun Simple future
10 S + will be + being + adjective/noun Future continuous
11 S + would + be + adjective/noun Past future
12 S + would + be + being + adjective/noun Past future continuous
13 S + will + have + been + adjective/noun Future perfect
14 S + will + have + been + being + adjective/noun Future perfect continuous
15 S + would + have + been + adjective/noun Past future perfect
16 S + would + have + been + being + adjective/noun Past future perfect continuous
1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)
Rumus :
A. Subject + To Be (am / are / is) + …
B. Subject + Verb + …
+ } S + V1 + O/C
- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C
? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example :
+ } Ahmad Reads book everyday
- } Ahmad does not Read book everyday
? } does Ahmad Read book everyday
Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)
For I, We, You, They = do
He, She, It = Does
Contoh kalimat :
(+) She is a new people here.
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(?) Is she a new people here?
b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)
Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.
Rumus :
+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C
- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C
? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C
EXAMPLE :
+ } They are playing badmintoon now
- } They are not playing badmintoon now
? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?
Yes They are / no they are not
For I = am
They, we, you = are
He, She, It = Is
Contoh dalam kalimat :
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.
c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)
Subject + Have / Has +Verb II (Ing) + …
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) I have gone.
(-) I haven’t gone.
(?) Have I gone ?
d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
Subject + Have / Has +Verb II (Ing) + …
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) We have been riding a horse for three days
(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.
(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?
2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)
A. Subject + To Be (was / were) + …
B. Subject + Verb II + …
Rumus :
+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C
Example :
+} We were at school yesterday
-} We were not at school yesterday
?} were we at school yesterday ?
For I, He, She, It = Was
They, we, you = were
Contoh :
(+) He came here last month
(-) He came not last month
(?) Came He here last month
Subject + To Be (was / were) + Verb I (Ing) + …
b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him
c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
A. Subject + Had + Been + …
B. Subject + Had + Verb III + …
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?
d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)
Subject + Had + Been + Verb I (Ing) + …
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) They had been living there for two month
(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month
(?) Had they been living there for two month?
3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)
a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)
A. Subject Shall / Will + Be + …
B. Subject + Shall / Will + Verb + …
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)
Subject + Shall / Will + Be + Verb (Ing) + …
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)
A. Subject + Shall / Will + Have + Been + …
B. Subject + Shall / Will + Have + Verb II + ..
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) Bily will have done his work by the end of this week.
(-) Bily will haven’t done his work by the end of this week.
(?) Shall I have read this book by next week ?
d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)
Subject + Shall / Will + Have + Been + Verb (Ing) + …
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) He will have been listening music.
(-) He will haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will He have listening a music ?
4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
C. Subject + Should / Would + Have + Been + …
D. Subject + Should / Would + Have + Verb III + …
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Subject + Shoul / Would + Be : Verb (Ing) +
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?
c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)
E. Subject + Should / Would + Have + Been + …
F. Subject + Should / Would + Have + Verb III + …
Rumus :
Contoh :
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?
d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)
Subject + Should / Would + Have + Been + Verb (Ing) + …
Rumus :
Contoh :
Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
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